Health&Weight Loss

Arterial hypertension (hypertension, hypertensive disease) – the most common chronic disease in adults, associated with high blood pressure. Completely cure the disease is impossible, but blood pressure can be kept under control. High blood pressure is one of three risk factors for coronary heart disease, which can be controlled (the risk in this case involves not only how high blood pressure rises, but the time during which there is high blood pressure). Timely control of pressure will help reduce the risk of kidney disease. The sooner you have identified hypertension and began to watch her in the dynamics, the lower the risk of developing complications of hypertension in the future.

The reasons

The causes of hypertension are unknown in 90% of cases. However, certain factors are known that increase the risk of hypertension:

- Age (with age, the walls of large arteries become more rigid, and because of this increased blood flow resistance of the vessels, thus increasing the pressure);
- Hereditary predisposition;
- Sex (more men suffer from hypertension);
- Smoking;
- Excessive use of alcohol, salt, obesity, lack of physical activity;
- Excessive exposure to stress;
- Kidney disease;
- Increased levels of adrenaline in the blood;
- Congenital heart disease;
- Regular use of certain drugs (eg, according to some regular use of oral contraceptives);
- Late toxemia of pregnancy (a complication of pregnancy).

Symptoms of arterial hypertension

Increased blood pressure may not be accompanied by any symptoms and be detected by chance, when measuring blood pressure. In some cases, may cause headaches, dizziness, flashing before the eyes of flies

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids:
removal of external hemorrhoids;
Remove piles of plastic bahromok with correction of the skin of the anal region;
external hemorrhoids treatment – thrombectomy;
treatment of internal hemorrhoids – the imposition of latex rings (latex ligation of hemorrhoids – one of the most modern, effective and safe for the patient to outpatient treatments of chronic hemorrhoids);
THD method treatment of hemorrhoids – translyuminarnaya dearterializatsiya hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids ligation technique which provides the arteries – supply blood to the hemorrhoids) under the control of a Doppler ultrasonic sensor that provides the greatest accuracy, adequacy and effectiveness of treatment in comparison with other techniques.Advantages of methods – efficiency, the need for disposable hospital stay, significantly less pain and comfort in comparison to other surgical methods, faster rehabilitation in the postoperative period;
steplernaya hemorrhoidectomy (surgery Longo);
traditional hemorrhoidectomy.
Fibrous polyps of the anal canal

Removal of fibrous anal polyps as the operational method and by means of minimally invasive techniques.

Anal fissure

Conservative treatment of anal fissure
Cryosurgery (freezing) of anal fissure
Surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure
Acute paraproctitis
Opening and drainage of acute paraproctitis with the appointment of conservative treatment and subsequent monitoring (surveillance) of the patient.

Chronic paraproctitis (fistulous and infiltrative forms)
Modern methods of surgical treatment in proctology.

Epithelial coccygeal course

Opening and drainage of abscess of epithelial coccygeal with subsequent monitoring of the patient.
Radical surgical methods of treatment of epithelial coccygeal.
Genital warts

Modern diagnosis using serological techniques and laboratory performing the histological studies.
Removing warts by cryodestruction (freezing with liquid nitrogen).
Operational procedures remove genital warts.
Development of vaccines (using undo warts patients), and their introduction to the prevention of recurrence (return) of the disease.
Effective strategies of anti-, pritivovirusnoy therapy.
Benign tumors of the rectum

Adequate diagnosis with biopsy and histologic confirmation of diagnosis.
Surgical removal of tumors, endoscopic proctology.
Chronic kolostaz (constipation)

Contemporary diagnosis of the causes and types of kolostaza.
Adequate drug scheme of conservative treatment.
Computer Methods pnevmostimulyatsii intestine.

Osteoarthritis is the wear lumbar column between the lumbar vertebrae (at the posterior articular processes), that is to say, it is localized in the lower back.

The wear is most often the result of abnormal posture (lordosis orscoliosis) or a bad position in the repetitive practice of a sport or work. The wear can also be linked to degeneration of the intervertebral disc.
The lumbar osteoarthritis is localized mostly at the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) because this is where the back that the mechanical stresses are highest.
The pain increases with movement and exercise. The friction of the vertebrae can cause temporary pain related to compressionof the nerves (sciatic, femoral neuropathy) or intervertebral disc(herniated disc).

Lumbar Osteoarthritis is the “Back pain” that everyone talks about. It is the most common arthritis. It is also called”Lombarthrose” or “lumbar spine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the alteration of a joint is termed either idiopathic, that is to say that we do not find the cause (also known as primary osteoarthritis of ) orsecondary osteoarthritis is to say that we can identify the cause.Osteoarthritis is associated with a lesion of the joints without inflammation, leading to anatomically by destruction of cartilageand production of additional bone in the form of osteophytes orChondrostoma.

Lumbago (from the Latin word lumbus - loin) – is a sharp pain in his lower back.

The reason is the surge lumbago lumbar spine. This is usually due to herniated disks orstrong muscles. Lumbago is a consequence of a sharp spine movement, aimed at lifting weights or trying to reach something. Back pain may also be caused by lumbarintervertebral hernias, displacement of the vertebrae. Mostly these syndromes occur in a reflex mechanisms in patients with lumbar osteochondrosis, in the presence of pathologyof the lumbosacral junction, vertebral static disorders.

Lumbago is still the generic term, which essentially is treated differently. The concept oflumbago is now part of a large area of ​​damage to muscles, nerves and joints of the lumbar-sacral region. Lumbago or as it is called - lumbar backache - that, as alreadystated above, encountered severe acute low back pain, and lyumbalgiya - subacutelyappear blurred and pain.

Low back pain - a common occurrence in adults. It often occurs due to fatigue or muscle tension. Attention to this issue will help you stay as active as possible, as well as give you an idea of ​​what a prolonged or repeated back pain is not so unexpected or dangerous.
With pain below the waist can be overcome if you want to stay active - avoid positions and activities that may increase or cause back pain, use ice and nonprescription medications for pain, when you need them.
If you have experienced by acute pain, you’re ready to light strengthening exercises for your stomach, back and legs, and perhaps for some stretching exercises. Exercise cannot only reduce pain but can also help you recover faster, prevent muscle strain your backand reduce the risk of losing the ability to move because of back pain.

In order to diagnose
In cases of suspected meningitis.
With the purpose of treatment
For podobolochechnogo administration of antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs.
To reduce intracranial pressure in benign intracranial hypertension and normotensive hydrocephalus.
[Edit] Contraindications

Lumbar puncture is contraindicated even strongly suspected dislocation of the brain, as the decline in CSF pressure in the spinal subarachnoid space in the presence of elevated pressure intracranially can start any penetrations and lead to patient’s death. As early as 1938 has been described the case where for diagnostic lumbar puncture was performed, which resulted in fatalities directly on the table.
[Edit] Complications

In case of violation of the technique cholesteatoma may develop spinal cord postpunktsionnaya (novolat. sholesteatoma medullae spinalis post punctionem), which arises from the introduction of epithelial cells in the spinal cord membranes.
[Edit] Features of the

This manipulation can be performed with the patient lying down or sitting. When a puncture in the supine position the patient is laid on its side on a hard table. The legs should be bent and presented to the abdomen, back, most bent. The most convenient place for the puncture are gaps between the III and IV and between II and III of the lumbar vertebrae. In the adult human spinal cord ends at level II lumbar vertebra, because the probability of damage to the spinal cord at lumbar puncture is minimal. Children to avoid injury to the spinal cord puncture should be performed below the lumbar vertebrae III. Puncture is performed under local anesthesia, which uses 1-2% solution of novocaine, which is injected in layers along the intended puncture in an amount of 5-10 ml. Bier’s needle with mandrin administered strictly in the midline between the spinous processes with a slight slope up and pushing through the deep ligamentous apparatus. At a depth of 4-7 cm in adults (approximately 2 cm in children), there is a sense of failure, which is a sign of penetration of the needle in the subarachnoid space. Outflow of fluid after removal of Mandra indicates the correct performance of a puncture. If the needle touches the bone, it should be removed, leaving the end in the subcutaneous tissue, after which, a few change the direction, repeat the introduction. The total volume of cerebrospinal fluid in adults is about 120 ml. At its extraction should be borne in mind that the daily volume of secretion is 500 ml, a full update is 5 times a day.
May be present pain after lumbar puncture caused by a reduction in intracranial pressure, usually disappear without treatment after 5-7 days. [1]
[Edit] also

Hypertension – a chronic disease characterized by a constant, but in the early stages – the periodic rise in blood pressure. The basis of hypertension is increasing tension of the walls of small arteries, resulting in a reduction of their lumen, difficult to move blood through the vessels. The pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels increases.

Hypertension – a very common disease, it usually develops after age 40, more often in women. Hypertension develops slowly, starting from periodic headaches, palpitations, blood pressure becomes unstable. Then the numbness of fingers and toes, rush of blood to the head, poor sleep, flickering “flies” in front of the eyes, rapid fatigue, high blood pressure is persistent in the blood vessels at this time there are sclerotic changes. This stage lasts several years. With further development of the patient revealed cardiac or renal failure, cerebral blood flow.

Intracranial hypertension – increased intracranial pressure. Characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, persistent hiccups, drowsiness, depression of consciousness, double vision (due to unilateral or bilateral compression of the abducent nerve), transient episodes of blurred vision, the appearance of congestive optic disc (the study of the fundus). In cases of severe increased intracranial pressure increased systolic blood pressure, there is bradycardia (50 – 60 beats / min). Key causes of intracranial hypertension – large lesions (tumor, hematoma), hydrocephalus, and stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, disruption of water and electrolyte balance (hyponatremia), brain injury, eclampsia, acute hypertensive encephalopathy and other diseases that trigger brain edema. Increased intracranial pressure can also result from congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypercapnia, violations of the outflow of jugular veins, pericardial effusion. The normal pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid in man, which is located in the supine position on the side, is 100-180 mm of water column.

Risk of intracranial hypertension is probably compressing the substance of the brain in the skull of a confined space, which leads to diffuse cerebral ischemia, as well as penetration – the displacement of brain tissue from one department to another cranial due to focal increased intracranial pressure. Penetration often occurs in the cutting gallop (tentorium) of the cerebellum (transtentorialnoe wedging) or foramen magnum. Wedging quickly leads to death due to compression of the brain stem and located in its vital centers.

The penetration of the hook of the temporal lobe occurs in the presence of a large formation in the middle cranial fossa. Early sign – extension of the pupil on the side of his injury with loss of response to light. Later on the affected side or opposite side of hemiparesis developed. With increasing intracranial pressure, there are signs of bilateral brain stem dysfunction – sopor, then coma, the expansion of another pupil, rhythm disturbances of breathing, decerebrate posture (arms straightened and rotated inward, legs extended). Transtentorialnoe central penetration is defined by diffuse cerebral edema, acute hydrocephalus, or median space-occupying lesions. Early effects – drowsiness and torpor, frequent deep breaths, yawning, pupillary constriction, the recovery of tendon reflexes, bilateral Babinski. Then the pupils dilate, with pain, excitation nonparalysed limbs appears dekortikatsionnaya posture (arms bent at the elbows, feet – stretch), which is then followed by decerebrate, disturbed rhythm dyhaniya.Pri large formations which lie in the posterior fossa, may be infiltration of its structures in cutting gallop cerebellum (bottom up) or in the foramen magnum (from top to bottom).

For the prevention of increased intracranial pressure in acute traumatic brain injury you must: 1) restore the airway, ensure full oxygenation, prevent and treat pulmonary complications in time, and 2) raise the head of the bed by 15 – 30 ° to the weakening of the venous outflow from the cranial cavity, and 3) restrict fluid intake to 1.5 L / day, 4) not to introduce solutions that have a lot of “free water” (eg, 5% glucose solution), 5) to maintain water and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance, 6) in a timely manner to arrest arterial hypertension, hyperthermia, seizures, psychomotor agitation, and 7) as far as possible avoid the use of vasodilators.

Portal hypertension – elevated blood pressure in the portal vein, which occurs when the outflow of her difficulty levels. The main signs of portal hypertension – varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach and abdominal wall, esophageal and gastrointestinal bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites